Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
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Query Trace: Braun KV[original query] |
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Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 sites, United States, 2012
Christensen DL , Baio J , Braun KV , Bilder D , Charles J , Constantino JN , Daniels J , Durkin MS , Fitzgerald RT , Kurzius-Spencer M , Lee LC , Pettygrove S , Robinson C , Schulz E , Wells C , Wingate MS , Zahorodny W , Yeargin-Allsopp M . MMWR Surveill Summ 2016 65 (3) 1-23 PROBLEM/CONDITION: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). PERIOD COVERED: 2012. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network is an active surveillance system that provides estimates of the prevalence and characteristics of ASD among children aged 8 years whose parents or guardians reside in 11 ADDM Network sites in the United States (Arkansas, Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Utah, and Wisconsin). Surveillance to determine ASD case status is conducted in two phases. The first phase consists of screening and abstracting comprehensive evaluations performed by professional service providers in the community. Data sources identified for record review are categorized as either 1) education source type, including developmental evaluations to determine eligibility for special education services or 2) health care source type, including diagnostic and developmental evaluations. The second phase involves the review of all abstracted evaluations by trained clinicians to determine ASD surveillance case status. A child meets the surveillance case definition for ASD if one or more comprehensive evaluations of that child completed by a qualified professional describes behaviors that are consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision diagnostic criteria for any of the following conditions: autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (including atypical autism), or Asperger disorder. This report provides ASD prevalence estimates for children aged 8 years living in catchment areas of the ADDM Network sites in 2012, overall and stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and the type of source records (education and health records versus health records only). In addition, this report describes the proportion of children with ASD with a score consistent with intellectual disability on a standardized intellectual ability test, the age at which the earliest known comprehensive evaluation was performed, the proportion of children with a previous ASD diagnosis, the specific type of ASD diagnosis, and any special education eligibility classification. RESULTS: For 2012, the combined estimated prevalence of ASD among the 11 ADDM Network sites was 14.6 per 1,000 (one in 68) children aged 8 years. Estimated prevalence was significantly higher among boys aged 8 years (23.6 per 1,000) than among girls aged 8 years (5.3 per 1,000). Estimated ASD prevalence was significantly higher among non-Hispanic white children aged 8 years (15.5 per 1,000) compared with non-Hispanic black children (13.2 per 1,000), and Hispanic (10.1 per 1,000) children aged 8 years. Estimated prevalence varied widely among the 11 ADDM Network sites, ranging from 8.2 per 1,000 children aged 8 years (in the area of the Maryland site where only health care records were reviewed) to 24.6 per 1,000 children aged 8 years (in New Jersey, where both education and health care records were reviewed). Estimated prevalence was higher in surveillance sites where education records and health records were reviewed compared with sites where health records only were reviewed (17.1 per 1,000 and 10.7 per 1,000 children aged 8 years, respectively; p<0.05). Among children identified with ASD by the ADDM Network, 82% had a previous ASD diagnosis or educational classification; this did not vary by sex or between non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black children. A lower percentage of Hispanic children (78%) had a previous ASD diagnosis or classification compared with non-Hispanic white children (82%) and with non-Hispanic black children (84%). The median age at earliest known comprehensive evaluation was 40 months, and 43% of children had received an earliest known comprehensive evaluation by age 36 months. The percentage of children with an earliest known comprehensive evaluation by age 36 months was similar for boys and girls, but was higher for non-Hispanic white children (45%) compared with non-Hispanic black children (40%) and Hispanic children (39%). INTERPRETATION: Overall estimated ASD prevalence was 14.6 per 1,000 children aged 8 years in the ADDM Network sites in 2012. The higher estimated prevalence among sites that reviewed both education and health records suggests the role of special education systems in providing comprehensive evaluations and services to children with developmental disabilities. Disparities by race/ethnicity in estimated ASD prevalence, particularly for Hispanic children, as well as disparities in the age of earliest comprehensive evaluation and presence of a previous ASD diagnosis or classification, suggest that access to treatment and services might be lacking or delayed for some children. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION: The ADDM Network will continue to monitor the prevalence and characteristics of ASD among children aged 8 years living in selected sites across the United States. Recommendations from the ADDM Network include enhancing strategies to 1) lower the age of first evaluation of ASD by community providers in accordance with the Healthy People 2020 goal that children with ASD are evaluated by age 36 months and begin receiving community-based support and services by age 48 months; 2) reduce disparities by race/ethnicity in identified ASD prevalence, the age of first comprehensive evaluation, and presence of a previous ASD diagnosis or classification; and 3) assess the effect on ASD prevalence of the revised ASD diagnostic criteria published in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. |
Screening for developmental delays among young children - National Survey of Children's Health, United States, 2007
Rice CE , Naarden Braun KV , Kogan MD , Smith C , Kavanagh L , Strickland B , Blumberg SJ . MMWR Suppl 2014 63 (2) 27-35 Early childhood development typically follows a trajectory of achieving physical, cognitive, communication, social-emotional, and self-help milestones within a specified age range. Although most children reach these milestones within a similar range, others exhibit mild to severe developmental delays that indicate potential developmental disabilities. Developmental disabilities are a group of conditions caused by an impairment in one or more developmental domains (e.g., physical, learning, communication, behavior, or self-help). Developmental disabilities can become evident during the prenatal period through age 22 years, affect day-to-day functioning, and usually are lifelong. Approximately 15% of children aged 3-17 years in 2008 were estimated to have developmental disabilities of varying severity, such as language or learning disorders, intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy, seizures, hearing loss, blindness, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or other developmental delays. |
Concurrent medical conditions and health care use and needs among children with learning and behavioral developmental disabilities, National Health Interview Survey, 2006-2010
Schieve LA , Gonzalez V , Boulet SL , Visser SN , Rice CE , Braun KV , Boyle CA . Res Dev Disabil 2011 33 (2) 467-476 Studies document various associated health risks for children with developmental disabilities (DDs). Further study is needed by disability type. Using the 2006-2010 National Health Interview Surveys, we assessed the prevalence of numerous medical conditions (e.g. asthma, frequent diarrhea/colitis, seizures), health care use measures (e.g. seeing a medical specialist and >9 office visits in past year), health impact measures (e.g. needing help with personal care), and selected indicators of unmet health needs (e.g. unable to afford needed prescription medications) among a nationally representative sample of children ages 3-17 years, with and without DDs. Children in four mutually exclusive developmental disability groups: autism (N=375), intellectual disability (ID) without autism (N=238); attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) without autism or ID (N=2901); and learning disability (LD) or other developmental delay without ADHD, autism, or ID (N=1955); were compared to children without DDs (N=35,775) on each condition or health care measure of interest. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated from weighted logistic regression models that accounted for the complex sample design. Prevalence estimates for most medical conditions examined were moderately to markedly higher for children in all four DD groups than children without DDs. Most differences were statistically significant after adjustment for child sex, age, race/ethnicity, and maternal education. Children in all DD groups also had significantly higher estimates for health care use, impact, and unmet needs measures than children without DDs. This study provides empirical evidence that children with DDs require increased pediatric and specialist services, both for their core functional deficits and concurrent medical conditions. |
Have secular changes in perinatal risk factors contributed to the recent autism prevalence increase? Development and application of a mathematical assessment model
Schieve LA , Rice C , Devine O , Maenner MJ , Lee LC , Fitzgerald R , Wingate MS , Schendel D , Pettygrove S , Naarden Braun KV , Durkin M . Ann Epidemiol 2011 21 (12) 930-45 BACKGROUND: A 57% increase in the U.S. prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) for 8-year-old children born in 1994 versus 1998 was recently reported. METHODS: To quantify the possible contributions of given risk/predictive factors on the recent ASD prevalence increase, we formulated a mathematical model based on the baseline risk factor prevalence (RFP), the proportionate change in RFP (cRFP), and the magnitude of the association between the risk factor and ASD [estimated relative risk (RR)]. We applied this model to several pregnancy-related factors (preterm, very preterm, low and very low birth weight, multiple birth, cesarean delivery, breech presentation, and assisted reproductive technology use). RFP and cRFP estimates for each factor were obtained from U.S. population-based surveillance datasets. Estimated RRs were obtained from a series of systematic literature reviews. RESULTS: We estimate that each risk factor examined, alone or in various combinations, accounted for a very small proportion (<1%) of the ASD increase. Additionally, hypothetical scenarios indicate RFP, cRFP, and RR all need to be sizable for a risk factor to appreciably influence ASD prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, although various pregnancy factors have been found to be associated with ASDs, the contribution of many of these factors to the recently observed ASD increase is likely minimal. |
Long-term speech and language developmental issues among children with Duarte galactosemia
Powell KK , Braun KV , Singh RH , Shapira SK , Olney RS , Yeargin-Allsopp M . Genet Med 2009 11 (12) 874-9 PURPOSE: There is limited information on long-term outcomes among children with Duarte galactosemia and controversy about treatment of this potentially benign condition. This study examined developmental disabilities and issues that required special education services within a population-based sample of children with Duarte galactosemia. METHODS: Children born between 1988 and 2001 who were diagnosed with Duarte galactosemia and resided in the five-county metropolitan Atlanta area at birth and from 3 to 10 years of age were linked to the (1) Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program, an ongoing, population-based surveillance system for selected developmental disabilities and (2) Special Education Database of Metropolitan Atlanta. Special education records were reviewed for children who linked. Clinical genetics records were reviewed to assess laboratory levels at the time of diagnosis and metabolic control during treatment. RESULTS: Of the 59 eligible children, none were found to have intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, hearing loss, vision impairment, or an autism spectrum disorder. However, five, 8.5% of 3 to 10 years or 15.2% of eligible 8 years, were identified as having received special education services, four of whom were confirmed with a speech or language disorder, or were receiving services for speech or language or both compared with 4.5% and 5.9% of children without Duarte galactosemia, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite galactose restriction until 1 year, select developmental issues associated with special education, specifically involving speech and language, have been found among some children with Duarte galactosemia. |
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